{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/tt4fn12d9r/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Joseph K."]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/005/original/Fortunoff-Logo.png?1549333634","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eTalmud School in the afternoon and got Hebrew lessons in the evening. From the ninth grade he attended a technical high school, where he was taught mechanical engineering as well as photography and accounting. He vividly remembers the anti-Semitism of his non-Jewish classmates.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWith the outbreak of the Second World War, this climate of hatred worsened and had an effect on his entire family. Joseph's education ended with the German invasion. From the age of 14, he had to “work like a grown man.” An attempt to escape from German-occupied Poland into Soviet-occupied territory, which he undertook with his younger sister, failed. Only his older sister succeeded in settling with her husband in the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBy 1941, as a ghetto was established in Gorlice, Joseph remained living with his family in his parents' home, but their everyday life was regulated through anti-Jewish regulations and edicts. There were lists published with the names of hostages who were threatened with death if the Jews did not behave compliantly. Even the name of Joseph's father appeared on these lists. One of Joseph's jobs was to pull up to the Gestapo building with a horse cart and carry away the detainees who had been murdered during the interrogations and torture.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJoseph increasingly became the breadwinner of his family. The Jewish Council, under orders from the Germans, arranged for the work commandos, and Jewish orderlies accompanied them to their respective jobs. Joseph lived in constant fear that he would not meet with his family when he returned from work in the evening. He performed forced labor for HoBAG (Holzbau-Gesellschaft AG). Wood was delivered, distributed and processed into boards to be delivered to the Eastern Front. While working, Joseph heard about the massacre of the Jewish population in the surrounding villages. He warned his family. In fact, the family initially managed to escape the murderous “actions.” Joseph could provide papers that protected him as part of the “vital workforce.” However, his parents' attempts to seek out a safe hiding place for themselves and their youngest daughter failed. After the war, Joseph learned that they had been murdered in Belzec Concentration Camp near Lublin.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eUntil April 1943 Joseph worked for HoBAG, and later he was transferred to the Ernst-Heinkel-Flugzeugwerken in Mielec, where he mounted airplane carriages, covering the wings and fuselages of the aircraft with sheet metal. The work was divided into 12-hour shifts. The living conditions of the Jewish workers were catastrophic. He was brutally disciplined for stealing food. From the assembly in the L Construction Hall, he was transferred to the ArVo (Arbeitsvorbereitung or work preparation) office, where the production was scheduled. An office job meant a significant improvement in his living situation.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJoseph remained until the summer of 1944 in Mielec, which was eventually evacuated because of the Soviet advance. He was at the salt mines in Wieliczka in July and August 1944, where he was employed in underground workshops for the manufacture of aircraft parts. From there, he was deported via Auschwitz to Germany. In Flossenbürg Concentration Camp he was given the prisoner number 15315. Between August 1944 and April 1945, Joseph was transported to a series of work assignments and went to various sub-camps of Flossenbürg. He passed himself off as a mechanic and was charged with the maintenance of aircraft equipment. Later he went to the Messerschmitt AG aircraft parts production in Hersbruck Sub-concentration Camp, where he had to perform quality checks, among other things. At the end he was employed in a disassembly plant, where aircraft were dismantled to get spare parts for the German Luftwaffe. The operation was finally evacuated because of the Allied advance.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe train with which the prisoners were to be taken away came under fire during an air raid. There were dead and wounded, and the survivors were herded into a nearby forest. After a six-day forced march without any food, they got something to eat again for the first time at a rest stop in a cemetery. Joseph managed to escape with four other prisoners, and they eventually came across American GIs and were liberated.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJoseph returned to Poland to search for family survivors, but he found only a letter from his older sister, who later emigrated to Palestine. Relatives, among them his cousin in Hartford, Connecticut, financed his immigration to the United States. On June 24th, 1946 he arrived there to his new family. He worked as a car dealer, among other things, and married and had two children, but he had a difficult time accepting the United States as a homeland.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJoseph “Joe” K. died on January 16th, 2011 in Hartford, Connecticut, USA.\u003c/p\u003e (Abstract)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archiv.zwangsarbeit-archiv.de/en/interviews/za580"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2005-11-05 (Creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["K., Joseph, 1925-05-18 -2011-01-16 (Interviewee)","Laub, Dori, 1937-06-08 - 2018-06-23 (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["3 videotapes"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["https://archiv.zwangsarbeit-archiv.de/en/interviews/za580"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Forced labor (topical)","Video tapes (topical)","Oral histories (document genres) (genre_form)","Gorlice Ghetto (Person or Corporate Body)","Mielec Forced Labor Camp for Jews (Person or Corporate Body)","Gross Salze Forced Labor Camp for Jews (Person or Corporate Body)","Flossenbürg Concentration Camp (Person or Corporate Body)","Hersbruck Sub-Concentration Camp (Person or Corporate Body)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Joseph K. Interview za580. Interview Archive „Forced Labor 1939-1945“. Access athttps://archiv.zwangsarbeit-archiv.de/en/interviews/za580 (conforms to)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["za580 (Source Identifier)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eTalmud School in the afternoon and got Hebrew lessons in the evening. From the ninth grade he attended a technical high school, where he was taught mechanical engineering as well as photography and accounting. He vividly remembers the anti-Semitism of his non-Jewish classmates.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWith the outbreak of the Second World War, this climate of hatred worsened and had an effect on his entire family. Joseph's education ended with the German invasion. From the age of 14, he had to \u0026ldquo;work like a grown man.\u0026rdquo; An attempt to escape from German-occupied Poland into Soviet-occupied territory, which he undertook with his younger sister, failed. Only his older sister succeeded in settling with her husband in the Soviet Union.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBy 1941, as a ghetto was established in Gorlice, Joseph remained living with his family in his parents' home, but their everyday life was regulated through anti-Jewish regulations and edicts. There were lists published with the names of hostages who were threatened with death if the Jews did not behave compliantly. Even the name of Joseph's father appeared on these lists. One of Joseph's jobs was to pull up to the Gestapo building with a horse cart and carry away the detainees who had been murdered during the interrogations and torture.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJoseph increasingly became the breadwinner of his family. The Jewish Council, under orders from the Germans, arranged for the work commandos, and Jewish orderlies accompanied them to their respective jobs. Joseph lived in constant fear that he would not meet with his family when he returned from work in the evening. He performed forced labor for HoBAG (Holzbau-Gesellschaft AG). Wood was delivered, distributed and processed into boards to be delivered to the Eastern Front. While working, Joseph heard about the massacre of the Jewish population in the surrounding villages. He warned his family. In fact, the family initially managed to escape the murderous \u0026ldquo;actions.\u0026rdquo; Joseph could provide papers that protected him as part of the \u0026ldquo;vital workforce.\u0026rdquo; However, his parents' attempts to seek out a safe hiding place for themselves and their youngest daughter failed. After the war, Joseph learned that they had been murdered in Belzec Concentration Camp near Lublin.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eUntil April 1943 Joseph worked for HoBAG, and later he was transferred to the Ernst-Heinkel-Flugzeugwerken in Mielec, where he mounted airplane carriages, covering the wings and fuselages of the aircraft with sheet metal. The work was divided into 12-hour shifts. The living conditions of the Jewish workers were catastrophic. He was brutally disciplined for stealing food. From the assembly in the L Construction Hall, he was transferred to the ArVo (Arbeitsvorbereitung or work preparation) office, where the production was scheduled. An office job meant a significant improvement in his living situation.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJoseph remained until the summer of 1944 in Mielec, which was eventually evacuated because of the Soviet advance. He was at the salt mines in Wieliczka in July and August 1944, where he was employed in underground workshops for the manufacture of aircraft parts. From there, he was deported via Auschwitz to Germany. In Flossenb\u0026uuml;rg Concentration Camp he was given the prisoner number 15315. Between August 1944 and April 1945, Joseph was transported to a series of work assignments and went to various sub-camps of Flossenb\u0026uuml;rg. He passed himself off as a mechanic and was charged with the maintenance of aircraft equipment. Later he went to the Messerschmitt AG aircraft parts production in Hersbruck Sub-concentration Camp, where he had to perform quality checks, among other things. At the end he was employed in a disassembly plant, where aircraft were dismantled to get spare parts for the German Luftwaffe. The operation was finally evacuated because of the Allied advance.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe train with which the prisoners were to be taken away came under fire during an air raid. There were dead and wounded, and the survivors were herded into a nearby forest. After a six-day forced march without any food, they got something to eat again for the first time at a rest stop in a cemetery. Joseph managed to escape with four other prisoners, and they eventually came across American GIs and were liberated.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJoseph returned to Poland to search for family survivors, but he found only a letter from his older sister, who later emigrated to Palestine. Relatives, among them his cousin in Hartford, Connecticut, financed his immigration to the United States. On June 24th, 1946 he arrived there to his new family. He worked as a car dealer, among other things, and married and had two children, but he had a difficult time accepting the United States as a homeland.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eJoseph \u0026ldquo;Joe\u0026rdquo; K. died on January 16th, 2011 in Hartford, Connecticut, USA.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/005/original/Fortunoff-Logo.png?1549333634","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/208/008/small/ZA580_03_01_sd720p.mp4_1694871698.jpg?1694871699","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107134/file/208008","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 3 - ZA580_03_01_sd720p.mp4"]},"duration":3711.48,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/208/008/small/ZA580_03_01_sd720p.mp4_1694871698.jpg?1694871699","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107134/file/208008/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107134/file/208008/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-fortunoff.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/208/008/original/ZA580_03_01_sd720p.mp4?1694871692","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3711.48,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107134/file/208008","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107134/file/208009","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 3 - ZA580_03_02_sd720p.mp4"]},"duration":3718.12,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/208/009/small/ZA580_03_02_sd720p.mp4_1694872779.jpg?1694872780","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107134/file/208009/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107134/file/208009/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-fortunoff.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/208/009/original/ZA580_03_02_sd720p.mp4?1694872773","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3718.12,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107134/file/208009","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107134/file/208007","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 3 of 3 - ZA580_03_03_sd720p.mp4"]},"duration":3229.72,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/208/007/small/ZA580_03_03_sd720p.mp4_1694871535.jpg?1694871537","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107134/file/208007/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107134/file/208007/content/3/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-fortunoff.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/208/007/original/ZA580_03_03_sd720p.mp4?1694871531","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3229.72,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107134/file/208007","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]}]}