{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/sn00z72j64/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Henry G."]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/005/original/Fortunoff-Logo.png?1549333634","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHenry (Chaim) G. was born on February 22nd, 1930 in the city of Khust in the Carpathian Mountains. At the time of his birth, the city was part of Czechoslovakia, but after the German invasion of the territory, it was ceded to Hungary, and since the end of the war has been part of western Ukraine. Henry was the third of six children. The family was very religious, and in retrospect Henry sees this as the main source of his inner strength and his humanity.  His father ran a timber trade, but studying and preparing for the Shabbat and other Jewish holidays was at the center of life for the family. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBesides the religious studies, Henry also attended a public school. Tensions between Jews and non-Jews were part of everyday life, though Henry recalls the animosity as mutual. The later Hungarian anti-Semitism turned out to be much more brutal.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHis father was conscripted in 1940 into a labor battalion, which was supposed to assist the Hungarian Army in battle. After that, the family was left on their own. The situation was also aggravated by anti-Jewish decrees. Henry began working at twelve years of age to secure a small income and contribute to the livelihood of his mother and siblings. In 1942, the family received news of his father's death. When the Jewish ghetto was established, it became harder to secure food, and hunger began to set in.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn April or May 1944, the Jews of Khust were herded into a nearby brick factory and deported in freight cars to Auschwitz Concentration Camp. On the ramp, Henry was separated from the rest of his family and sent to Buna-Monowitz, part of the Auschwitz Concentration Camp complex. He was housed with other minors in a so-called “youth block” and worked building an extension of the Buna-Werke factory. Later he was trained in the so-called “Mason's School” and had perform forced labor brick buildings for the SS.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe starvation-level rations had a particularly unfavorable effect on the physical development of the adolescent Henry. He rapidly lost weigh, and since such a small amount of food could not support his growth process, he lived in constant fear of being sent to his death in a selection. Additionally, the prisoners were taken out when inmates were hanged and forced to witness the executions. It remains unclear at what point Henry G. lost his religious faith, but he remembers that he argued the question of the existence of God with another prisoner and that he fasted on Yom Kippur at Auschwitz and took an opportunity to secretly put on the phylacteries.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHenry left Auschwitz on January 18th, 1945 and was taken on a death march. A selection was held in Gliwice (Glewice), in which he was taken from the ranks and awaited his execution with some fellow sufferers. When another prisoner was shot by a German, Henry, along with other prisoners, brought the body to place it on a pile of corpses, and he hid among the dead. After dark, he gained access to a prisoner barracks and went with the others on a transport to Buchenwald Concentration Camp, where he survived with the help of the underground movement and was liberated in the camp.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter a visit to the city of his origin, Henry tried to emigrate to Palestine. He managed to smuggle himself in many adventurous routes through half of Europe. Shortly before arrival in Haifa, his ship was boarded by the British, and all of the passengers interned in Cyprus. After the founding of the country, Henry went to Israel, volunteered for the military and worked as an electrician, first for the Air Force and later for El Al Airlines. His marriage ended in divorce after ten years, and he moved to the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn New York, Henry G. prospered doing building construction and renovating old buildings. He is interested in many things and has acquired self-taught knowledge in many areas. To date, he is an active member of the Child Survivor Group, which was founded by the psychoanalyst Judith Kestenberg.\u003c/p\u003e (Abstract)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archiv.zwangsarbeit-archiv.de/en/interviews/za577"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2006-03-17 (Creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["G., Henry, 1930-02-22 (Interviewee)","Laub, Dori, 1937-06-08 - 2018-06-23 (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["2 videotapes"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Forced labor (topical)","Video tapes (topical)","Oral histories (document genres) (genre_form)","Husst Ghetto (Person Or Corporate Body)","Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp (Person or Corporate Body)","Auschwitz-Monowitz Concentration Camp (Person or Corporate Body)","Buchenwald Concentration Camp (Person or Corporate Body)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["New Haven, Conn. (Place of Recording)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Henry G.. Interview za577. Interview Archive „Forced Labor 1939-1945“. Access at https://archiv.zwangsarbeit-archiv.de/en/interviews/za577 (conforms to)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["za577 (Source Identifier)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eHenry (Chaim) G. was born on February 22nd, 1930 in the city of Khust in the Carpathian Mountains. At the time of his birth, the city was part of Czechoslovakia, but after the German invasion of the territory, it was ceded to Hungary, and since the end of the war has been part of western Ukraine. Henry was the third of six children. The family was very religious, and in retrospect Henry sees this as the main source of his inner strength and his humanity. \u0026nbsp;His father ran a timber trade, but studying and preparing for the Shabbat and other Jewish holidays was at the center of life for the family.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eBesides the religious studies, Henry also attended a public school. Tensions between Jews and non-Jews were part of everyday life, though Henry recalls the animosity as mutual. The later Hungarian anti-Semitism turned out to be much more brutal.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHis father was conscripted in 1940 into a labor battalion, which was supposed to assist the Hungarian Army in battle. After that, the family was left on their own. The situation was also aggravated by anti-Jewish decrees. Henry began working at twelve years of age to secure a small income and contribute to the livelihood of his mother and siblings. In 1942, the family received news of his father's death. When the Jewish ghetto was established, it became harder to secure food, and hunger began to set in.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn April or May 1944, the Jews of Khust were herded into a nearby brick factory and deported in freight cars to Auschwitz Concentration Camp. On the ramp, Henry was separated from the rest of his family and sent to Buna-Monowitz, part of the Auschwitz Concentration Camp complex. He was housed with other minors in a so-called \u0026ldquo;youth block\u0026rdquo; and worked building an extension of the Buna-Werke factory. Later he was trained in the so-called \u0026ldquo;Mason's School\u0026rdquo; and had perform forced labor brick buildings for the SS.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe starvation-level rations had a particularly unfavorable effect on the physical development of the adolescent Henry. He rapidly lost weigh, and since such a small amount of food could not support his growth process, he lived in constant fear of being sent to his death in a selection. Additionally, the prisoners were taken out when inmates were hanged and forced to witness the executions. It remains unclear at what point Henry G. lost his religious faith, but he remembers that he argued the question of the existence of God with another prisoner and that he fasted on Yom Kippur at Auschwitz and took an opportunity to secretly put on the phylacteries.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHenry left Auschwitz on January 18th, 1945 and was taken on a death march. A selection was held in Gliwice (Glewice), in which he was taken from the ranks and awaited his execution with some fellow sufferers. When another prisoner was shot by a German, Henry, along with other prisoners, brought the body to place it on a pile of corpses, and he hid among the dead. After dark, he gained access to a prisoner barracks and went with the others on a transport to Buchenwald Concentration Camp, where he survived with the help of the underground movement and was liberated in the camp.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAfter a visit to the city of his origin, Henry tried to emigrate to Palestine. He managed to smuggle himself in many adventurous routes through half of Europe. Shortly before arrival in Haifa, his ship was boarded by the British, and all of the passengers interned in Cyprus. After the founding of the country, Henry went to Israel, volunteered for the military and worked as an electrician, first for the Air Force and later for El Al Airlines. His marriage ended in divorce after ten years, and he moved to the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn New York, Henry G. prospered doing building construction and renovating old buildings. He is interested in many things and has acquired self-taught knowledge in many areas. To date, he is an active member of the Child Survivor Group, which was founded by the psychoanalyst Judith Kestenberg.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/005/original/Fortunoff-Logo.png?1549333634","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/207/998/small/ZA577_02_01_sd720p.mp4_1694852852.jpg?1694852853","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107103/file/207998","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 2 - ZA577_02_01_sd720p.mp4"]},"duration":3672.8,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/207/998/small/ZA577_02_01_sd720p.mp4_1694852852.jpg?1694852853","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107103/file/207998/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107103/file/207998/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-fortunoff.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/207/998/original/ZA577_02_01_sd720p.mp4?1694852846","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3672.8,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107103/file/207998","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107103/file/207999","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 2 - ZA577_02_02_sd720p.mp4"]},"duration":3720.0,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/207/999/small/ZA577_02_02_sd720p.mp4_1694852867.jpg?1694852869","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107103/file/207999/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107103/file/207999/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-fortunoff.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/207/999/original/ZA577_02_02_sd720p.mp4?1694852862","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3720.0,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107103/file/207999","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]}]}