{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/jm23b5ww6g/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Curriculum: Leon Bass Testimony Excerpt 15"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/005/original/Fortunoff-Logo.png?1549333634","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Related Testimonies"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eLeon B. Holocaust testimony (HVT-1241). Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies, Yale Univeristy Library. 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It seems as though Rosa Parks, the seamstress, sat down on a bus in a spot where she was not supposed to sit and was asked to move, and she refused to do so and they arrested her. This wonderful God-fearing woman was arrested because she refused to give up her seat. And, of course when this happened, the news spread all over town, especially in the black community. They they just couldn't believe this and they had reached a point, I guess was a breaking point. And so they all rallied together at the church, which was the focal point for most activities in the black community. And so they met at the church and planned this strategy, what they were going to do because they were never going to take this anymore. And they finally came to a conclusion that they would boycott if they couldn't ride in dignity, they wouldn't ride at all. And so they walked. They walked for 11 months, 11 months. No one rode the busses and it created a havoc with the economic community. And people were beginning to say, let's settle this thing, you see. And of course, the Supreme Court took it under advisement, and finally they acted and said that it was illegal, it was unconstitutional, that they could not do this on public transportation. And so the bus line was integrated. But out of all of this, it came that chari-- charismatic figure called Martin Luther King. He came to the forefront. He was most articulate. He could state the case clearly. And he came with a new philosophy which astounded so many of us and which he said to the people that we will wear them down with our capacity for love. And I thought that guy was a weirdo, really. I said, how can you talk about loving these people when they're going to beat you and curse you and spit on you and all this sort of thing? I couldn't understand this. It took me a little while to become educated, but he mobilized those people in a way that they've never been mobilized before. And he offered, I felt for the first time, a program to the larger society, which, if they would embrace, would have been really a salvation to many of our problems today. But unfortunately, they didn't embrace it, not to the degree that they should have, but nevertheless, it gave hope to a lot of people and I was one of them. \n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=0.0,165.568"}]},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English Captions [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e This came at a time in my life when I was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=0.75,2.999"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e teaching the young people and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=3.0,5.519"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e feeling very despondent","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=5.97,8.249"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e about things that were happening in","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=8.43,10.706"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e society, but 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newspapers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=15.69,16.769"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e It seems as though Rosa Parks, the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=16.8,18.689"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e seamstress, sat down on a 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community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=43.59,44.59"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e They they just couldn't believe this and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=45.18,47.189"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e they had reached a point, I guess was 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And so they all rallied","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=48.96,51.119"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e together at the church,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=51.12,52.29"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e which was the focal point for most","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=53.85,56.039"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e activities in the black community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=56.04,57.479"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e And so they met at the church and planned","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=58.32,60.509"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e this strategy, what they were going to do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=60.51,62.009"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e because they were never going to take this","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=62.01,63.27"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e anymore.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=63.87,64.87"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e And they finally came","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=66.46,68.028"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e to a conclusion that they would boycott if","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=68.73,71.159"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e they couldn't ride in dignity, they wouldn't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=71.16,72.659"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e ride at all. 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I couldn't understand this.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=135.63,137.58"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e It took me a little while to become","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858#t=137.73,139.199"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/39458/file/110858/transcript/24507/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003e SUBJECT:\u003c/strong\u003e educated, but 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