{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/hq3rv0fb24/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Zahava S."]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/005/original/Fortunoff-Logo.png?1549333634","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eZahava S. was born on January 19th, 1930 as Katalin S. in in Abaijszánto, Hungary. Her family lived in the house of her paternal grandparents, and she had a younger sister. Her family belonged to the Jewish minority of the town. Their contacts with non-Jewish citizens were friendly. Zahava had regular dealings with non-Jewish students in public school, although only Jewish children were included as her closest friends.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe family had lived for generations in Abaijszánto. Zahava grew up with an awareness of her Jewish heritage, but was at the same time proud of her national identity as a Hungarian. Her grandfather ran a butcher's shop, and took his granddaughter with him when he went to purchase cattle in the countryside. Her father and mother dealt in shoes, clothing and fabrics.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWith the beginning of the war, this beautiful and sheltered world began to fall out of balance. With the onset of a series of anti-Jewish decrees, Zahava felt even more confirmed in her Jewish identity. The business of the family suffered from trade restrictions and the ban on kosher slaughter. Despite these difficulties, the family remained confident initially and managed to arrange things. Zahava's father was drafted into a work battalion in 1943. Meanwhile, the Hungarian gendarmes enriched themselves with raids on Jewish homes.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWith the German occupation of Hungary, the situation became hopeless. In April 1944, the Jews of Abaijszánto had to gather in a school building. First, they were taken by train to Kosice, and from there they were deported to Auschwitz Concentration Camp. Upon arrival, Zahava and her sister were separated from their mother and grandmother. They were kept together as twins and used for medical experiments. In October 1944, the two sisters were sent to Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp. From there, they were transferred in December 1944 to Markkleeberg in Saxony. After a three-week quarantine period in a quarry, they worked in a factory belonging to Junkers Flugzeugwerke manufacturing aircraft parts. Overall there were 1,300 Jewish forced laborers who worked in the production along with other forced laborers and German civilian workers. The other forced laborers passed on news about the war to the Jews. Some German civilian workers gave them food. Nevertheless, they were very fearful of the SS guards. The commandant of the labor camp made regular inspection rounds and made sure that every irregularity that he noticed was punished upon the return of women to the camp.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eOn April 13th, 1945, the Jewish forced laborers from Markkleeberg were taken on a death march, whose destination was supposed to be the Theresienstadt (Terezin) Ghetto. On about the tenth day of the march, the two sisters were able to fall behind during the chaos of an air raid. With the help of other prisoners and Russian soldiers, they finally arrived in Dresden, from where they made their way back to Hungary. In Budapest, they discovered that Zahava was suffering from tuberculosis. Their dream of returning to their grandparent's home remained unfulfilled.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eZahava connected up with a Zionist organization in a DP camp in Germany. She attempted to immigrate illegally to Palestine via France. After six months in a British internment camp in Cyprus, she reached Palestine in 1947. There she changed her name from Katalin to Zahava, and in 1948 she married Meier S. The couple arrived in the United States in 1956. Despite her illness, she was able to bear a daughter in 1959, and in 1960 her second daughter was born.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eZahava S. attended school in Israel, and in the United States she eventually attended university. She trained as a librarian and received her doctorate in 1991 with a thesis on the history of her home village. She is currently working on a documentary about the labor camp in Markkleeberg. It took a long time for her to find her place in the world: She speaks with great clarity about the difficulties in making up for lost time, but also about her efforts to establish herself in her identity as a Holocaust survivor.\u003c/p\u003e (Abstract)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archiv.zwangsarbeit-archiv.de/en/interviews/za587"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2006-03-19 (creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["S., Zahava, 1930-01-19 (Interviewee)","Laub, Dori, 1937-06-08 - 2018-06-23 (Interviewer)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["https://archiv.zwangsarbeit-archiv.de/de/interviews/za587"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Forced labor (topical)","Video tapes (topical)","women (topical)","Oral histories (document genres) (genre_form)","Ghetto Kaschau (Person or Corporate Body)","KZ Auschwitz-Birkenau (Person or Corporate Body)","KZ Bergen-Belsen (Person or Corporate Body)","KZ-Außenlager Markkleeberg (Person or Corporate Body)","DP-Lager Kloster Indersdorf (Person or Corporate Body)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["New Haven, Conn. (Place of Recording)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Zahava S.. Interview za587. Interview Archive „Forced Labor 1939-1945“. Access at https://archiv.zwangsarbeit-archiv.de/en/interviews/za587 (conforms to)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eZahava S. was born on January 19th, 1930 as Katalin S. in in Abaijsz\u0026aacute;nto, Hungary. Her family lived in the house of her paternal grandparents, and she had a younger sister. Her family belonged to the Jewish minority of the town. Their contacts with non-Jewish citizens were friendly. Zahava had regular dealings with non-Jewish students in public school, although only Jewish children were included as her closest friends.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe family had lived for generations in Abaijsz\u0026aacute;nto. Zahava grew up with an awareness of her Jewish heritage, but was at the same time proud of her national identity as a Hungarian. Her grandfather ran a butcher's shop, and took his granddaughter with him when he went to purchase cattle in the countryside. Her father and mother dealt in shoes, clothing and fabrics.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWith the beginning of the war, this beautiful and sheltered world began to fall out of balance. With the onset of a series of anti-Jewish decrees, Zahava felt even more confirmed in her Jewish identity. The business of the family suffered from trade restrictions and the ban on kosher slaughter. Despite these difficulties, the family remained confident initially and managed to arrange things. Zahava's father was drafted into a work battalion in 1943. Meanwhile, the Hungarian gendarmes enriched themselves with raids on Jewish homes.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eWith the German occupation of Hungary, the situation became hopeless. In April 1944, the Jews of Abaijsz\u0026aacute;nto had to gather in a school building. First, they were taken by train to Kosice, and from there they were deported to Auschwitz Concentration Camp. Upon arrival, Zahava and her sister were separated from their mother and grandmother. They were kept together as twins and used for medical experiments. In October 1944, the two sisters were sent to Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp. From there, they were transferred in December 1944 to Markkleeberg in Saxony. After a three-week quarantine period in a quarry, they worked in a factory belonging to Junkers Flugzeugwerke manufacturing aircraft parts. Overall there were 1,300 Jewish forced laborers who worked in the production along with other forced laborers and German civilian workers. The other forced laborers passed on news about the war to the Jews. Some German civilian workers gave them food. Nevertheless, they were very fearful of the SS guards. The commandant of the labor camp made regular inspection rounds and made sure that every irregularity that he noticed was punished upon the return of women to the camp.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eOn April 13th, 1945, the Jewish forced laborers from Markkleeberg were taken on a death march, whose destination was supposed to be the Theresienstadt (Terezin) Ghetto. On about the tenth day of the march, the two sisters were able to fall behind during the chaos of an air raid. With the help of other prisoners and Russian soldiers, they finally arrived in Dresden, from where they made their way back to Hungary. In Budapest, they discovered that Zahava was suffering from tuberculosis. Their dream of returning to their grandparent's home remained unfulfilled.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eZahava connected up with a Zionist organization in a DP camp in Germany. She attempted to immigrate illegally to Palestine via France. After six months in a British internment camp in Cyprus, she reached Palestine in 1947. There she changed her name from Katalin to Zahava, and in 1948 she married Meier S. The couple arrived in the United States in 1956. Despite her illness, she was able to bear a daughter in 1959, and in 1960 her second daughter was born.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eZahava S. attended school in Israel, and in the United States she eventually attended university. She trained as a librarian and received her doctorate in 1991 with a thesis on the history of her home village. She is currently working on a documentary about the labor camp in Markkleeberg. It took a long time for her to find her place in the world: She speaks with great clarity about the difficulties in making up for lost time, but also about her efforts to establish herself in her identity as a Holocaust survivor.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/005/original/Fortunoff-Logo.png?1549333634","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/208/038/small/ZA587_03_01_sd720p.mp4_1695116801.jpg?1695116802","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107164/file/208038","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 3 - ZA587_03_01_sd720p.mp4"]},"duration":3610.08,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/208/038/small/ZA587_03_01_sd720p.mp4_1695116801.jpg?1695116802","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107164/file/208038/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107164/file/208038/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-fortunoff.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/208/038/original/ZA587_03_01_sd720p.mp4?1695116795","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3610.08,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107164/file/208038","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107164/file/208039","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 3 - ZA587_03_02_sd720p.mp4"]},"duration":3607.8,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/208/039/small/ZA587_03_02_sd720p.mp4_1695122423.jpg?1695122424","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107164/file/208039/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107164/file/208039/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-fortunoff.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/208/039/original/ZA587_03_02_sd720p.mp4?1695122417","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3607.8,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107164/file/208039","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107164/file/208040","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 3 of 3 - ZA587_03_03_sd720p.mp4"]},"duration":1659.96,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/208/040/small/ZA587_03_03_sd720p.mp4_1695123515.jpg?1695123516","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107164/file/208040/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107164/file/208040/content/3/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-fortunoff.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/208/040/original/ZA587_03_03_sd720p.mp4?1695123512","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":1659.96,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107164/file/208040","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]}]}