{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/fq9q23s822/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Anita S."]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/005/original/Fortunoff-Logo.png?1549333634","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAnita S. (née P.) was born on August 11th, 1930 in Brno, Czechoslovakia. Her father Fritz P. had a wholesale business for lingerie but had wanted to be an opera singer. Her mother Stella was a successful seamstress with her own workshop. She had one brother, František, who was five years her junior. Her parents shared a deep love for music, opera, and theater. Their house was open to artists. They had a car, took skiing trips to the Tatra Mountains, and were members of a tennis club. Anita recalls a Jewish family that was more in tune with tradition than religion, yet Anita did attend Hebrew school and her parents had Zionist leanings. Anita adored her father and loved sports. She had a loving grandmother who was trying to teach her good manners, and an attractive aunt who was a successful milliner and let Anita try on her hats. A tireless and outgoing child, Anita was always roughhousing with the boys, and from early on entertained ideas of becoming a surgeon. When the Germans marched in, Anita’s colorful and free childhood ended abruptly, and a sense of danger and terror took hold. Schooling ended, as did the friendships with non-Jewish children. When her father suggested sending her on a Kindertransport to Great Britain, Anita was headstrong and refused to go. Thus she remained with her parents.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe family was forced to leave their apartment. People were sent on transports, never to be heard from again. An uncle committed suicide when he was called up for deportation. Anita’s mother was able to bribe an official and the family’s name vanished from the transport list. But in March 1941, they had to give in to the order to come to the train station at a certain time and they were deported to Theresienstadt (Terezin) Ghetto. Anita remembers the constant hunger, endless soccer games, medical testing by the Nazis, and her participation in the children’s opera “Brundibar,” which was performed publicly.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1943, the family was taken to Auschwitz and brought into the so-called Familienlager (family camp). The conditions were horrible, the roll calls seemed never to end, and it always seemed to be cold and rainy. Eventually, the men were called up for forced labor in Germany and Anita’s father left. Weeks later, women between the ages of 18 and 50 were also called up for forced labor in Germany. Anita’s mother Stella pushed Anita, then only 14 years old, to volunteer, while she herself decided to stay behind with Anita’s little brother František. Although Anita was furious with her mother for abandoning her, she remained focused enough to cheat herself through a selection, but faced with a routine gynecological exam she lost control. When she broke out in tears, an SS woman took her aside, offered her cocoa in her office, and advised her against joining her mother. She must have known that in the meantime the Familienlager had been liquidated, and Anita’s mother and brother had been gassed.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAnita’s transport brought her to Hamburg. She was confident that she would be able to survive, and her determination was so fierce that her energy was frequently sufficient to help others get their work done. The women had to clear the rubble after air raids. They also had to build auxiliary housing for people who had lost the roofs over their heads in the bombings. At one point, Anita’s group was caught in an air raid. The soldier who pulled her out from underneath the earth and rubble befriended her. Every day he shared his sandwich with her, and on her birthday he gave her a day off and escorted her to the river Elbe, where she wanted to swim. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAt the end of February 1945, Anita and her fellow inmates were taken to Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp. Their life scraped by, and with the lack of food and the heaps of the dead, some people resorted to cannibalism. Bergen-Belsen was liberated by the British in April 1945. When she received word that her father was alive, she left for Prague, hoping to be reunited with him.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Anita searched for her father in vain: Eventually, she met a stranger who had witnessed her father’s execution during a death march. She tried to go back to school but found it impossible to attend fifth grade after all she had been through. She received a certificate in English and managed to get into an art school. With the help of friends, she had to re-learn reading and basic math. She prepared for her emigration to Palestine, where she joined a kibbutz, got married, and spent a number of good and reassuring years. Her husband received his diploma as a photographer from the university in Vienna. In 1959 the couple moved to the USA to join Anita’s mother-in-law. \u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eToday Anita S. lives happily in a second marriage. She feels deeply connected with her son and her grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e (Abstract)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source Metadata URI"]},"value":{"en":["https://archiv.zwangsarbeit-archiv.de/en/interviews/za585"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2005-10-16 (Creation)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["S., Anita, 1930-08-11 (Interviewee)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Source"]},"value":{"en":["https://archiv.zwangsarbeit-archiv.de/en/interviews/za585"]}},{"label":{"en":["Subject"]},"value":{"en":["Forced labor (topical)","Video tapes (topical)","women (topical)","Oral histories (document genres) (genre_form)","Theresienstadt Ghetto (Person or Corporate Body)","Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp (Person or Corporate Body)","Dessauer Ufer Hamburg Sub-Concentration Camp (Person or Corporate Body)","Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp (Person or Corporate Body)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Coverage"]},"value":{"en":["New Haven, Conn. (Place of Recording)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Language"]},"value":{"en":["English (primary)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Relation"]},"value":{"en":["Anita S.. Interview za585. Interview Archive „Forced Labor 1939-1945“. Access at https://archiv.zwangsarbeit-archiv.de/en/interviews/za585 (conforms to)"]}},{"label":{"en":["Identifier"]},"value":{"en":["za585 (Source Identifier)"]}}],"summary":{"en":["\u003cp\u003eAnita S. (n\u0026eacute;e P.) was born on August 11th, 1930 in Brno, Czechoslovakia. Her father Fritz P. had a wholesale business for lingerie but had wanted to be an opera singer. Her mother Stella was a successful seamstress with her own workshop. She had one brother, Franti\u0026scaron;ek, who was five years her junior. Her parents shared a deep love for music, opera, and theater. Their house was open to artists. They had a car, took skiing trips to the Tatra Mountains, and were members of a tennis club. Anita recalls a Jewish family that was more in tune with tradition than religion, yet Anita did attend Hebrew school and her parents had Zionist leanings. Anita adored her father and loved sports. She had a loving grandmother who was trying to teach her good manners, and an attractive aunt who was a successful milliner and let Anita try on her hats. A tireless and outgoing child, Anita was always roughhousing with the boys, and from early on entertained ideas of becoming a surgeon. When the Germans marched in, Anita\u0026rsquo;s colorful and free childhood ended abruptly, and a sense of danger and terror took hold. Schooling ended, as did the friendships with non-Jewish children. When her father suggested sending her on a Kindertransport to Great Britain, Anita was headstrong and refused to go. Thus she remained with her parents.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eThe family was forced to leave their apartment. People were sent on transports, never to be heard from again. An uncle committed suicide when he was called up for deportation. Anita\u0026rsquo;s mother was able to bribe an official and the family\u0026rsquo;s name vanished from the transport list. But in March 1941, they had to give in to the order to come to the train station at a certain time and they were deported to Theresienstadt (Terezin) Ghetto. Anita remembers the constant hunger, endless soccer games, medical testing by the Nazis, and her participation in the children\u0026rsquo;s opera \u0026ldquo;Brundibar,\u0026rdquo; which was performed publicly.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eIn 1943, the family was taken to Auschwitz and brought into the so-called Familienlager (family camp). The conditions were horrible, the roll calls seemed never to end, and it always seemed to be cold and rainy. Eventually, the men were called up for forced labor in Germany and Anita\u0026rsquo;s father left. Weeks later, women between the ages of 18 and 50 were also called up for forced labor in Germany. Anita\u0026rsquo;s mother Stella pushed Anita, then only 14 years old, to volunteer, while she herself decided to stay behind with Anita\u0026rsquo;s little brother Franti\u0026scaron;ek. Although Anita was furious with her mother for abandoning her, she remained focused enough to cheat herself through a selection, but faced with a routine gynecological exam she lost control. When she broke out in tears, an SS woman took her aside, offered her cocoa in her office, and advised her against joining her mother. She must have known that in the meantime the Familienlager had been liquidated, and Anita\u0026rsquo;s mother and brother had been gassed.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAnita\u0026rsquo;s transport brought her to Hamburg. She was confident that she would be able to survive, and her determination was so fierce that her energy was frequently sufficient to help others get their work done. The women had to clear the rubble after air raids. They also had to build auxiliary housing for people who had lost the roofs over their heads in the bombings. At one point, Anita\u0026rsquo;s group was caught in an air raid. The soldier who pulled her out from underneath the earth and rubble befriended her. Every day he shared his sandwich with her, and on her birthday he gave her a day off and escorted her to the river Elbe, where she wanted to swim.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eAt the end of February 1945, Anita and her fellow inmates were taken to Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp. Their life scraped by, and with the lack of food and the heaps of the dead, some people resorted to cannibalism. Bergen-Belsen was liberated by the British in April 1945. When she received word that her father was alive, she left for Prague, hoping to be reunited with him.\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eHowever, Anita searched for her father in vain: Eventually, she met a stranger who had witnessed her father\u0026rsquo;s execution during a death march. She tried to go back to school but found it impossible to attend fifth grade after all she had been through. She received a certificate in English and managed to get into an art school. With the help of friends, she had to re-learn reading and basic math. She prepared for her emigration to Palestine, where she joined a kibbutz, got married, and spent a number of good and reassuring years. Her husband received his diploma as a photographer from the university in Vienna. In 1959 the couple moved to the USA to join Anita\u0026rsquo;s mother-in-law.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\r\n\u003cp\u003eToday Anita S. lives happily in a second marriage. She feels deeply connected with her son and her grandchildren.\u003c/p\u003e"]},"provider":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/005/original/Fortunoff-Logo.png?1549333634","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/208/028/small/za585_still_original.JPG?1705936525","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107160/file/208028","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 3 - ZA585_03_01_sd720p.mp4"]},"duration":3729.76,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/208/028/small/za585_still_original.JPG?1705936525","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107160/file/208028/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107160/file/208028/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-fortunoff.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/208/028/original/ZA585_03_01_sd720p.mp4?1695055234","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3729.76,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107160/file/208028","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107160/file/208033","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 2 of 3 - ZA585_03_02_sd720p.mp4"]},"duration":3680.16,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/208/033/small/ZA585_03_02_sd720p.mp4_1695109987.jpg?1695109988","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107160/file/208033/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107160/file/208033/content/2/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-fortunoff.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/208/033/original/ZA585_03_02_sd720p.mp4?1695109981","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":3680.16,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107160/file/208033","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107160/file/208034","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 3 of 3 - ZA585_03_03_sd720p.mp4"]},"duration":604.04,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/208/034/small/ZA585_03_03_sd720p.mp4_1695110147.jpg?1695110148","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107160/file/208034/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107160/file/208034/content/3/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-fortunoff.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/208/034/original/ZA585_03_03_sd720p.mp4?1695110146","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":604.04,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/2227/collection_resources/107160/file/208034","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[]}]}