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characters.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729#t=126.54,128.999"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729/transcript/31617/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The performances were so popular,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729#t=129.0,130.829"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729/transcript/31617/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"though, that the term \"Jim Crow\"","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729#t=130.83,133.049"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729/transcript/31617/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"took on a life beyond the stage","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729#t=133.05,135.629"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729/transcript/31617/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"and soon became a shorthand","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729#t=135.63,137.909"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729/transcript/31617/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"for this post-Civil War","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729#t=137.91,139.829"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729/transcript/31617/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"racial order.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729#t=139.83,140.909"}]},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729/transcript/31617","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729/transcript/31617/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"subtitling","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/031/617/original/What_is_Jim_Crow.vtt?1627920167","format":"text/vtt","language":"en"},"target":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/file_transcripts/associated_files/000/031/617/original/What_is_Jim_Crow.vtt?1627920167"}]},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729/transcript/31618","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["English Transcript [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729/transcript/31618/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":" From the 1870s to the 1960s, laws and customs enforced racial segregation, discrimination and white domination across the South. This racial order, which was known as \"Jim Crow,\" varied town by town, county by county, state by state. It affected nearly every aspect of Black life and public space, from employment, to schools, to housing, to voting, public transportation, restrooms, parks, and pools. Now the Jim Crow system also shaped more intimate encounters like handshakes, haircuts and access to medical care. \n\n\n\nANNA DUENSING ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729#t=1.0,42.0"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729/transcript/31618/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":" State and local officials such as police officers, clerks, judges and, teachers, they were empowered to enforce these laws as they saw fit. And white people, everyday white people, maintains Jim Crow through customs and more spontaneous behavior, including acts of intimidation and violence. So Jim Crow was upheld by laws, but it was also seen as a way of life that everyday people could enact through everyday choices. And as much as Jim Crow was a southern phenomenon, white Americans nationwide enforced forms of segregation and white supremacy across this whole era. Sometimes these were policies that were legally defined. But just as in the South, everyday people and places-- employers, landlords, law enforcement, civil servants, banks, schools and hospitals-- all these people and institutions worked to preserve Jim Crow as a fundamental part of American life for nearly a century. \n\n\n\nANNA DUENSING ","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729#t=42.0,111.0"},{"id":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729/transcript/31618/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":" Now, the term \"Jim Crow\" originated in the 1830s as a racist caricature within minstrel performance. White entertainers would don blackface in order to imitate and mock Black people. And Jim Crow was the name of one of these minstrel characters. The performances were so popular, though, that the term \"Jim Crow\" took on a life beyond the stage and soon became a shorthand for this post-Civil War racial order. \n\n","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://fortunoff.aviaryplatform.com/collections/24/collection_resources/47479/file/120729#t=111.0,142.01598"}]}]}]}